Rechtsprechung
| EGMR, 08.04.2014 - 70945/11, 23611/12, 26998/12, 41150/12, 41155/12, 41463/12, 41553/12, 54977/12, 56581/12 |
Volltextveröffentlichungen (3)
- Europäischer Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte
MAGYAR KERESZTÉNY MENNONITA EGYHÁZ AND OTHERS v. HUNGARY
Art. 9, Art. 9 Abs. 1, Art. 11, Art. 11 Abs. 1, Art. 11 Abs. 2, Art. 35, Art. 35 Abs. 1, Art. 41 MRK
Preliminary objections joined to merits and dismissed (Article 35-1 - Exhaustion of domestic remedies) Remainder inadmissible Violation of Article 11 - Freedom of assembly and association (Article 11-1 - Freedom of association) read in the light of Article 9 - ... - Europäischer Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte
MAGYAR KERESZTÉNY MENNONITA EGYHÁZ AND OTHERS v. HUNGARY - [Deutsche Übersetzung] Zusammenfassung durch das Österreichische Institut für Menschenrechte (ÖIM)
[DEU] Preliminary objections joined to merits and dismissed (Article 35-1 - Exhaustion of domestic remedies);Remainder inadmissible;Violation of Article 11 - Freedom of assembly and association (Article 11-1 - Freedom of association) read in the light of Article 9 - ...
- juris(Abodienst) (Volltext/Leitsatz)
Kurzfassungen/Presse (2)
- zeit.de (Pressemeldung, 08.04.2014)
Ungarns Kirchengesetz verletzt die Menschenrechte
- RIS Bundeskanzleramt Österreich (Ausführliche Zusammenfassung)
Sonstiges
- Europäischer Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte (Verfahrensmitteilung)
MAGYAR KERESZTÉNY MENNONITA EGYHÁZ AND IZSAK-BÁCS v. HUNGARY and 8 other applications
Verfahrensgang
- EGMR, 08.04.2014 - 70945/11, 23611/12, 26998/12, 41150/12, 41155/12, 41463/12, 41553/12, 54977/12, 56581/12
- EGMR, 28.06.2016 - 70945/11
Papierfundstellen
- NVwZ 2015, 499
Wird zitiert von ... (17) Neu Zitiert selbst (16)
- EGMR, 18.09.2012 - 22897/08
ÁSATRÚARFÉLAGID v. ICELAND
Auszug aus EGMR, 08.04.2014 - 70945/11
For example, the Court accepted that additional funding from the State budget to the State Church does not violate the Convention, in view, among others, of the fact that the employees of the State Church were civil servants with rights and obligations as such with regard to the general public, and not only with regard to members of their congregations (see Ásatrúarfélagiđ v. Iceland (dec.), no. 22897/08, § 34, 18 September 2012).The obligation under Article 9, incumbent on the State's authorities, to remain neutral in the exercise of their powers in the religious domain, and the requirement under Article 14 not to discriminate on grounds of religion, require that if a State sets up a system for granting material benefits to religious groups, for example through the taxation system, all religious groups which so wish must have a fair opportunity to apply for this status and the criteria established must be applied in a non-discriminatory manner on objective and reasonable grounds (see, mutatis mutandis, Religionsgemeinschaft der Zeugen Jehovas and Others, cited above, § 92, and Ásatrúarfélagiđ v. Iceland, no. 22897/08, § 34, 18 September 2012).
- EGMR, 05.04.2007 - 18147/02
CHURCH OF SCIENTOLOGY MOSCOW v. RUSSIA
Auszug aus EGMR, 08.04.2014 - 70945/11
The Court has found in two previous cases (see Moscow Branch of the Salvation Army, cited above, § 67; and Church of Scientology Moscow v. Russia, no. 18147/02, § 78, 5 April 2007) that the refusal of re-registration disclosed an interference with a religious organisation's right to freedom of association and also with its right to freedom of religion.The majority then refers, in paragraph 82, to two previous cases of the Court (Moscow Branch of the Salvation Army v. Russia, no. 72881/01, § 67, ECHR 2006-XI, and Church of Scientology Moscow v. Russia, no. 18147/02, § 78, 5 April 2007) where the "refusal of registration" disclosed interference with a religious organisation's right to freedom of association and also with its right to freedom of religion.
- EGMR, 23.10.1990 - 11581/85
DARBY v. SWEDEN
Auszug aus EGMR, 08.04.2014 - 70945/11
Nevertheless, such a scheme normally belongs to the historical-constitutional traditions of those countries which sustain it, and a State-church system may be considered compatible with Article 9 of the Convention in particular if it is part of a situation pre-dating the Contracting State's ratification of the Convention (see Darby v. Sweden, no. 11581/85, Report of the Commission, 9 May 1989, § 45, Series A no. 187).It should be pointed out that the Court, citing a prior opinion by the European Commission, has consistently held that a "State Church system cannot in itself be considered to violate Article 9 of the Convention" (see Darby v. Sweden, 23 October 1990, opinion of the Commission, § 45, Series A no. 187, and Ásatrúarfélagiđ, cited above, § 27).
- EGMR, 05.10.2006 - 72881/01
BRANCHE DE MOSCOU DE L'ARMEE DU SALUT c. RUSSIE
Auszug aus EGMR, 08.04.2014 - 70945/11
The majority then refers, in paragraph 82, to two previous cases of the Court (Moscow Branch of the Salvation Army v. Russia, no. 72881/01, § 67, ECHR 2006-XI, and Church of Scientology Moscow v. Russia, no. 18147/02, § 78, 5 April 2007) where the "refusal of registration" disclosed interference with a religious organisation's right to freedom of association and also with its right to freedom of religion. - EGMR, 22.01.2008 - 43546/02
E.B. v. FRANCE
Auszug aus EGMR, 08.04.2014 - 70945/11
Where in pursuit of its perceived positive obligations in regard to Articles 9 and 11, the State has voluntarily decided to provide rights to subsidies and other advantages to religious organisations - those rights thus falling within the wider ambit of those Convention articles - it cannot take discriminatory measures in the granting of those benefits (see, mutatis mutandis, E.B. v. France [GC], no. 43546/02, §§ 48-49, 22 January 2008; Savez crkava "Rijec zivota" and Others v. Croatia, no. 7798/08, § 58, 9 December 2010). - EGMR, 13.12.2001 - 45701/99
METROPOLITAN CHURCH OF BESSARABIA AND OTHERS v. MOLDOVA
Auszug aus EGMR, 08.04.2014 - 70945/11
Where the organisation of the religious community was at issue, a refusal to recognise it has also been found to constitute interference with the applicants" right to freedom of religion under Article 9 of the Convention (see Metropolitan Church of Bessarabia and Others v. Moldova, no. 45701/99, § 105, ECHR 2001-XII). - EGMR, 29.04.1999 - 25088/94
CHASSAGNOU ET AUTRES c. FRANCE
Auszug aus EGMR, 08.04.2014 - 70945/11
Where a substantive Article of the Convention or its Protocols has been invoked both on its own and together with Article 14 and a separate breach has been found of the substantive Article, it is not generally necessary for the Court to consider the case under Article 14 also, though the position is otherwise if a clear inequality of treatment in the enjoyment of the right in question is a fundamental aspect of the case (see Chassagnou and Others v. France [GC], nos. 25088/94, 28331/95 and 28443/95, § 89, ECHR 1999-III; Dudgeon v. the United Kingdom, 22 October 1981, § 67, Series A no. 45). - EGMR, 22.10.1981 - 7525/76
DUDGEON c. ROYAUME-UNI
Auszug aus EGMR, 08.04.2014 - 70945/11
Where a substantive Article of the Convention or its Protocols has been invoked both on its own and together with Article 14 and a separate breach has been found of the substantive Article, it is not generally necessary for the Court to consider the case under Article 14 also, though the position is otherwise if a clear inequality of treatment in the enjoyment of the right in question is a fundamental aspect of the case (see Chassagnou and Others v. France [GC], nos. 25088/94, 28331/95 and 28443/95, § 89, ECHR 1999-III; Dudgeon v. the United Kingdom, 22 October 1981, § 67, Series A no. 45). - EGMR, 26.10.2000 - 30985/96
HASSAN ET TCHAOUCH c. BULGARIE
Auszug aus EGMR, 08.04.2014 - 70945/11
The autonomous existence of religious communities is thus considered indispensable for pluralism in a democratic society and an issue at the very heart of the protection which Article 9 affords (see Hasan and Chaush v. Bulgaria [GC], no. 30985/96, § 62, ECHR 2000-XI, and Religionsgemeinschaft der Zeugen Jehovas and Others v. Austria, no. 40825/98, § 61, 31 July 2008). - EGMR, 31.07.2008 - 40825/98
RELIGIONSGEMEINSCHAFT DER ZEUGEN JEHOVAS AND OTHERS v. AUSTRIA
Auszug aus EGMR, 08.04.2014 - 70945/11
The autonomous existence of religious communities is thus considered indispensable for pluralism in a democratic society and an issue at the very heart of the protection which Article 9 affords (see Hasan and Chaush v. Bulgaria [GC], no. 30985/96, § 62, ECHR 2000-XI, and Religionsgemeinschaft der Zeugen Jehovas and Others v. Austria, no. 40825/98, § 61, 31 July 2008). - EGMR, 19.10.2005 - 32555/96
ROCHE c. ROYAUME-UNI
- EGMR, 10.06.2010 - 302/02
JEHOVAH'S WITNESSES OF MOSCOW AND OTHERS v. RUSSIA
- EGMR, 18.02.1999 - 24645/94
BUSCARINI ET AUTRES c. SAINT-MARIN
- EGMR, 14.06.2005 - 12282/02
CARMUIREA SPIRITUALA A MUSULMANILOR DIN REPUBLICA MOLDOVA v. MOLDOVA
- EGMR, 25.05.1993 - 14307/88
KOKKINAKIS c. GRČCE
- EGMR, 01.10.2009 - 76836/01
KIMLYA AND OTHERS v. RUSSIA
- EGMR, 28.06.2016 - 70945/11
MAGYAR KERESZTÉNY MENNONITA EGYHÁZ AND OTHERS v. HUNGARY
(Application nos. 70945/11, 23611/12, 26998/12, 41150/12, 41155/12, 41553/12, 54977/12 and 56581/12).The case originated in nine applications (nos. 70945/11, 23611/12, 26998/12, 41150/12, 41155/12, 41463/12, 41553/12, 54977/12 and 56581/12) against Hungary lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms ("the Convention") by various religious communities active in Hungary, and their ministers and members (see Annex), on 16 November 2011, 3 and 24 April, 25 and 28 June, and 19 and 29 August 2012, respectively.
In a judgment delivered on 8 April 2014 ("the principal judgment"), the Court declared application no. 41463/12 inadmissible and held, as regards the remaining applications, that in removing the applicants" church status altogether rather than applying less stringent measures, in establishing a politically tainted re-registration procedure and in treating the applicants differently from the so-called incorporated churches in certain aspects, the authorities disregarded their duty of neutrality vis-ŕ-vis the applicant communities.
The Court found a violation of Article 11 of the Convention read in the light of Article 9 (see Magyar Keresztény Mennonita Egyház and Others v. Hungary, nos. 70945/11, 23611/12, 26998/12, 41150/12, 41155/12, 41463/12, 41553/12, 54977/12 and 56581/12, ECHR 2014 (extracts)).
The Court held that, as regards the claims in respect of non-pecuniary damage made by Mr Izsák-Bács (in application no. 70945/11), Mr Soós (in application no. 23611/12), Mr Görbicz (in application no. 26998/12), Mr Guba (in application no. 41150/12) and Ms Bruck (in application no. 41155/12), the finding of a violation constituted sufficient just satisfaction.
On 15 May 2015 the Government notified the Court about an agreement concluded with six of the applicants, notably Magyar Keresztény Mennonita Egyház in application no. 70945/11, Evangéliumi Szolnoki Gyülekezet Egyház in application no. 23611/12, Budapesti Autonóm Gyülekezet in application no. 26998/12, Árpád Rendjének Jogalapja Tradicionális Egyház and Fény Gyermekei Magyar Esszénus Egyház in application no. 41553/12, and Magyarországi Biblia Szól Egyház in application 56581/12.
On the same date the Government further submitted that settlement negotiations were still pending, with a view to concluding partial agreements, with Szim Shalom Egyház in application no. 41150/12, Magyar Reform Zsidó Hitközségek Szövetsége Egyház in application no. 41155/12, Dharmaling Magyarország Buddhista Egyház in application no. 41553/12 and Magyarországi Evangéliumi Testvérközösség in application no. 54977/12.
On 23 July 2015 Út és Erény Közössége Egyház (one of the applicants in application no. 41553/12) informed the Court that it had changed lawyer and was thereafter represented by Mr T. Perecz, a lawyer practising in Budapest.
On 28 July 2015 the Government informed the Court about the conclusion of partial agreements with three applicants out of those four mentioned in paragraph 8 above, notably Szim Shalom Egyház in application no. 41150/12, Magyar Reform Zsidó Hitközségek Szövetsége Egyház in application no. 41155/12, and Magyarországi Evangéliumi Testvérközösség in application no. 54977/12.
ANKH Az Örök Élet Egyháza (in application no. 41553/12) claimed EUR 118, 000 in respect of loss of personal income tax donations and the corresponding supplementary State subsidy (see paragraph 25, fourth sentence, as well as section 4 of the Church Funding Act cited in paragraph 33 of the principal judgment).
Mantra Magyarországi Buddhista Egyháza (in application no. 41553/12) claimed HUF 171, 873,224 (EUR 573, 000) in respect of loss of personal income tax donations and the corresponding supplementary State subsidy.
Szangye Menlai Gedün, a Gyógyító Buddha Közössége Egyház (in application no. 41553/12) claimed HUF 17, 530,925 (EUR 58, 000) in respect of loss of personal income tax donations and the supplementary State subsidy and HUF 2, 611,680 (EUR 9, 000) in respect of interests.
Univerzum Egyháza (in application no. 41553/12) claimed HUF 28, 481,942 (EUR 95, 000) in respect of loss of personal income tax donations and the supplementary State subsidy.
Usui Szellemi Iskola Közösség Egyház (in application no. 41553/12) claimed HUF 54, 000,000 (EUR 180, 000) in respect of loss of personal income tax donations and the supplementary State subsidy; HUF 350, 000,000 (EUR 1, 167,000) on account of the decrease in the number of persons offering personal income tax donations; HUF 158, 244,000 (EUR 527, 000) for a "decrease" in the contributions collected for the community's financing and, as a separate demand, HUF 400, 000,000 (EUR 1, 333,000) for a "drastic decrease" in the same income; HUF 294, 800,000 (EUR 983, 000) in respect of loss of State subsidies; as well as HUF 500, 000,000 (EUR 1, 667,000) for the closure of ten out of the applicant's twelve venues for healing.
Út és Erény Közössége Egyház (in application no. 41553/12) submitted that, prior to the removal of its church status, it had been involved in social activities at several places in Hungary, pursuing the teachings of Taoism.
Holds that the finding of a violation constitutes in itself sufficient just satisfaction for the non-pecuniary damage sustained by Mr Szücs (Út és Erény Közössége Egyház, application no. 41553/12);.
Holds that the questions as to the application of Article 41 in respect of the claims of Magyarországi Evangéliumi Testvérközösség (application no. 54977/12) are not ready for decision and accordingly,.
EUR 60, 000 (sixty thousand euros), plus any tax that may be chargeable, to ANKH Az Örök Élet Egyháza (application no. 41553/12);.
EUR 90, 000 (ninety thousand euros), plus any tax that may be chargeable, to Dharmaling Magyarország Buddhista Egyház (application no. 41553/12);.
EUR 140, 000 (one hundred and forty thousand euros), plus any tax that may be chargeable, to Mantra Magyarországi Buddhista Egyháza (application no. 41553/12);.
EUR 45, 000 (forty-five thousand euros), plus any tax that may be chargeable, to Szangye Menlai Gedün, a Gyógyító Buddha Közössége Egyház (application no. 41553/12);.
EUR 60, 000 (sixty thousand euros), plus any tax that may be chargeable, to Univerzum Egyháza (application no. 41553/12);.
EUR 105, 000 (one hundred and five thousand euros), plus any tax that may be chargeable, to Usui Szellemi Iskola Közösség Egyház (application no. 41553/12);.
EUR 40, 000 (forty thousand euros), plus any tax that may be chargeable, to Út és Erény Közössége Egyház (application no. 41553/12);.
EUR 2, 000 (two thousand euros), plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants, to ANKH Az Örök Élet Egyháza, Dharmaling Magyarország Buddhista Egyház, Mantra Magyarországi Buddhista Egyháza, Szangye Menlai Gedün, a Gyógyító Buddha Közössége Egyház, Univerzum Egyháza, Usui Szellemi Iskola Közösség Egyház, and Út és Erény Közössége Egyház (application no. 41553/12) each;.
EUR 800 (eight hundred euros), plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants, to Szim Shalom Egyház (application no. 41150/12) and Magyar Reform Zsidó Hitközségek Szövetsége Egyház (application no. 41155/12) jointly;.
in application no. 23611/12: Evangéliumi Szolnoki Gyülekezet Egyház and Mr Péter János Soós;.
in application no. 26998/12: Budapesti Autonóm Gyülekezet and Mr Tamás Görbicz;.
in application no. 41150/12: Szim Salom Egyház and Mr Gergely Gusztáv Guba;.
in application no. 41155/12: Magyar Reform Zsidó Hitközségek Szövetsége Egyház and Ms László Mátyásné Bruck;.
in application no. 41463/12: European Union for Progressive Judaism;.
in application no. 54977/12: Magyarországi Evangéliumi Testvérközösség;.
in application no. 56581/12: Magyarországi Biblia Szól Egyház;.
in application no. 41553/12: ANKH Az Örök Élet Egyháza, Árpád Rendjének Jogalapja Tradícionális Egyház, Dharmaling Magyarország Buddhista Egyház, Fény Gyermekei Magyar Esszénus Egyház, Mantra Magyarországi Buddhista Egyháza, Szangye Menlai Gedün A Gyógyító Buddha Közössége Egyház, Univerzum Egyháza, Usui Szellemi Iskola Közösség Egyház, Út és Erény Közössége Egyház.
- Generalanwalt beim EuGH, 09.11.2017 - C-414/16
Nach Ansicht von Generalanwalt Tanchev unterliegen berufliche Anforderungen, die …
113 Beispielsweise EGMR, 8. April 2014, Magyar Keresztény Mennonita Egyház u. a./Ungarn, CE:ECHR:2014:0408JUD007094511, § 76 und die dort angeführte Rechtsprechung. - BVerfG, 03.04.2020 - 2 BvR 1838/15
Keine formale oder inhaltliche Glaubensprüfung durch die Gerichte bei …
Der Beschwerdeführer setzt sich weder mit der einschlägigen Rechtsprechung des Bundesverfassungsgerichts (vgl. BVerfGE 137, 273 ; 138, 296 ), des Gerichtshofs der Europäischen Union (vgl. EuGH, Urteil vom 5. September 2012, C-71/11 und C-99/11, Y und Z) und des Europäischen Gerichtshofs für Menschenrechte (vgl. EGMR, Eweida u.a. v. United Kingdom, Urteil vom 15. Januar 2013, Nr. 48420/10 u.a., und Magyar Keresztény Mennonita Egyhaz u.a. v. Ungarn, Urteil vom 8. April 2014, Nr. 70945/11 u.a.) noch mit den angegriffenen Entscheidungen, insbesondere mit dem Beschluss des Bundesverwaltungsgerichts, hinreichend substantiiert auseinander.Sie entscheiden auch nicht über die Legitimität religiöser Glaubensüberzeugungen und die Art und Weise ihrer Bekundung (vgl. EGMR, Eweida u.a. v. United Kingdom, Urteil vom 15. Januar 2013, Nr. 48420/10 u.a., § 81, und Magyar Keresztény Mennonita Egyhaz u.a. v. Ungarn, Urteil vom 8. April 2014, Nr. 70945/11 u.a., § 76).
- BVerwG, 25.08.2015 - 1 B 40.15
Aufklärungsrüge; Beweismaß; Glaubensfreiheit; Flüchtlingsanerkennung; kirchliches …
Bei der Prüfung der Flüchtlingsanerkennung wegen geltend gemachter religiöser Verfolgung setzen sich staatliche Stellen weder mit Inhalten von Glaubenssätzen auseinander noch bewerten sie diese oder formulieren gar eigene Standpunkte in Glaubensdingen (zur Reichweite des Neutralitätsgebots: BVerfG…, Beschluss vom 22. Oktober 2014 - 2 BvR 661/12 - EuGRZ 2014, 698 Rn. 88 ff. m.w.N.; vgl. auch EGMR…, Urteil vom 15. Januar 2013 - Nr. 48420/10 u.a. - NJW 2014, 1935 Rn. 81 und Urteil vom 8. April 2014 - Nr. 70945/11 u.a. - NVwZ 2015, 499 Rn. 76). - EGMR, 26.04.2016 - 62649/10
Türkei verurteilt - Aleviten diskriminiert
70945/11, 23611/12, 26998/12, 41150/12, 41155/12, 41463/12, 41553/12, 54977/12 and 56581/12, § 108, ECHR 2014 (extracts)). - EGMR, 25.04.2017 - 54977/12
MAGYARORSZÁGI EVANGÉLIUMI TESTVÉRKÖZÖSSÉG v. HUNGARY
70945/11, 23611/12, 26998/12, 41150/12, 41155/12, 41463/12, 41553/12, 54977/12 and 56581/12) against Hungary lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms ("the Convention") by various religious communities active in Hungary, and their ministers and members (see Annex), on 16 November 2011, 3 and 24 April, 25 and 28 June, and 19 and 29 August 2012, respectively.In a judgment delivered on 8 April 2014 ("the principal judgment"), the Court declared application no. 41463/12 inadmissible and held, as regards the remaining applications, that in removing the applicants" church status altogether rather than applying less stringent measures, in establishing a politically tainted re-registration procedure and in treating the applicants differently from the so-called incorporated churches in certain aspects, the authorities had disregarded their duty of neutrality vis-ŕ-vis the applicant communities.
70945/11, 23611/12, 26998/12, 41150/12, 41155/12, 41463/12, 41553/12, 54977/12 and 56581/12, ECHR 2014 (extracts)).
70945/11, 23611/12, 26998/12, 41150/12, 41155/12, 41553/12, 54977/12 and 56581/12).
- EGMR, 02.12.2014 - 32093/10
CUMHURIYETÇI EGITIM VE KÜLTÜR MERKEZI VAKFI c. TURQUIE
Selon la position du Comité des droits de l'homme des Nations unies, ces définitions ne peuvent ętre interprétées au détriment des formes non traditionnelles de la religion (voir, dans le męme sens, Magyar Keresztény Mennonita Egyház et autres c. Hongrie, nos 70945/11, 23611/12, 26998/12, 41150/12, 41155/12, 41463/12, 41553/12, 54977/12 et 56581/12, § 90, 8 avril 2014). - VG Cottbus, 26.08.2020 - 6 K 639/17 Bei der Prüfung der Flüchtlingsanerkennung wegen geltend gemachter religiöser Verfolgung setzen sich staatliche Stellen - namentlich die Verwaltungsgerichte - nämlich weder mit Inhalten von Glaubenssätzen auseinander noch bewerten sie diese oder formulieren gar eigene Standpunkte in Glaubensdingen (zur Reichweite des Neutralitätsgebots: BVerfG…, Beschluss vom 22. Oktober 2014 - 2 BvR 661/12 - EuGRZ 2014, 698 Rn. 88 ff. m.w.N.; vgl. auch EGMR…, Urteil vom 15. Januar 2013 - Nr. 48420/10 u.a. - NJW 2014, 1935 Rn. 81 und Urteil vom 8. April 2014 - Nr. 70945/11 u.a. - NVwZ 2015, 499 Rn. 76, alle juris).
- EGMR, 19.05.2015 - 76943/11
PAROISSE GRÉCO-CATHOLIQUE LUPENI ET AUTRES c. ROUMANIE
La Cour rappelle enfin que l'article 9 de la Convention ne confčre pas aux communautés religieuses un droit de bénéficier d'un financement accru de la part de l'État, męme si l'octroi de subventions aux différentes communautés religieuses - et, partant, aux différentes religions - appelle le contrôle le plus rigoureux (Magyar Keresztény Mennonita Egyház et autres c. Hongrie, nos 70945/11, 23611/12, 26998/12, 41150/12, 41155/12, 41463/12, 41553/12, 54977/12 et 56581/12, § 106, CEDH 2014). - VG Cottbus, 14.09.2022 - 6 K 589/17 Bei der Prüfung der Flüchtlingsanerkennung wegen geltend gemachter religiöser Verfolgung setzen sich staatliche Stellen - namentlich die Verwaltungsgerichte - nämlich weder mit Inhalten von Glaubenssätzen auseinander noch bewerten sie diese oder formulieren gar eigene Standpunkte in Glaubensdingen (zur Reichweite des Neutralitätsgebots: BVerfG…, Beschluss vom 22. Oktober 2014 - 2 BvR 661/12 - EuGRZ 2014, 698 Rn. 88 ff. m.w.N.; vgl. auch EGMR…, Urteil vom 15. Januar 2013 - Nr. 48420/10 u.a. - NJW 2014, 1935 Rn. 81 und Urteil vom 8. April 2014 - Nr. 70945/11 u.a. - NVwZ 2015, 499 Rn. 76, alle juris).
- OVG Niedersachsen, 30.06.2023 - 8 LA 105/22
Grundsätzliche Bedeutung der Rechtssache; Konversion zum Christentum; Maßstab; …
- EGMR, 21.04.2015 - 72874/01
UNION OF JEHOVAH'S WITNESSES AND OTHERS v. GEORGIA
- EGMR, 07.05.2019 - 10814/07
FONDATION MIHR c. TURQUIE
- EGMR, 15.06.2017 - 58088/08
METODIEV ET AUTRES c. BULGARIE
- EGMR, 23.03.2017 - 40524/08
GENOV c. BULGARIE
- EGMR, 15.01.2019 - 12541/06
ALTINKAYNAK ET AUTRES c. TURQUIE
- EGMR, 21.04.2015 - 51016/11
OVRAN AND OTHERS v. THE NETHERLANDS
Rechtsprechung
| EGMR, 28.06.2016 - 70945/11, 23611/12, 26998/12, 41150/12, 41155/12, 41553/12, 54977/12, 56581/12 |
Volltextveröffentlichungen (2)
- Europäischer Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte
MAGYAR KERESZTÉNY MENNONITA EGYHÁZ AND OTHERS v. HUNGARY
Pecuniary damage - claim dismissed (Article 41 - Causal link;Costs and expenses;Non-pecuniary damage;Pecuniary damage;Just satisfaction);Non-pecuniary damage - finding of violation sufficient (Article 41 - Causal link;Costs and expenses;Non-pecuniary ...
- juris (Volltext/Leitsatz)
Verfahrensgang
- EGMR, 08.04.2014 - 70945/11
- EGMR, 28.06.2016 - 70945/11, 23611/12, 26998/12, 41150/12, 41155/12, 41553/12, 54977/12, 56581/12
Wird zitiert von ... (0) Neu Zitiert selbst (4)
- EGMR, 08.04.2014 - 70945/11
Ungarns Kirchengesetz verletzt die Menschenrechte
Auszug aus EGMR, 28.06.2016 - 70945/11
(Application nos. 70945/11, 23611/12, 26998/12, 41150/12, 41155/12, 41553/12, 54977/12 and 56581/12).The case originated in nine applications (nos. 70945/11, 23611/12, 26998/12, 41150/12, 41155/12, 41463/12, 41553/12, 54977/12 and 56581/12) against Hungary lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms ("the Convention") by various religious communities active in Hungary, and their ministers and members (see Annex), on 16 November 2011, 3 and 24 April, 25 and 28 June, and 19 and 29 August 2012, respectively.
In a judgment delivered on 8 April 2014 ("the principal judgment"), the Court declared application no. 41463/12 inadmissible and held, as regards the remaining applications, that in removing the applicants" church status altogether rather than applying less stringent measures, in establishing a politically tainted re-registration procedure and in treating the applicants differently from the so-called incorporated churches in certain aspects, the authorities disregarded their duty of neutrality vis-ŕ-vis the applicant communities.
The Court found a violation of Article 11 of the Convention read in the light of Article 9 (see Magyar Keresztény Mennonita Egyház and Others v. Hungary, nos. 70945/11, 23611/12, 26998/12, 41150/12, 41155/12, 41463/12, 41553/12, 54977/12 and 56581/12, ECHR 2014 (extracts)).
The Court held that, as regards the claims in respect of non-pecuniary damage made by Mr Izsák-Bács (in application no. 70945/11), Mr Soós (in application no. 23611/12), Mr Görbicz (in application no. 26998/12), Mr Guba (in application no. 41150/12) and Ms Bruck (in application no. 41155/12), the finding of a violation constituted sufficient just satisfaction.
On 15 May 2015 the Government notified the Court about an agreement concluded with six of the applicants, notably Magyar Keresztény Mennonita Egyház in application no. 70945/11, Evangéliumi Szolnoki Gyülekezet Egyház in application no. 23611/12, Budapesti Autonóm Gyülekezet in application no. 26998/12, Árpád Rendjének Jogalapja Tradicionális Egyház and Fény Gyermekei Magyar Esszénus Egyház in application no. 41553/12, and Magyarországi Biblia Szól Egyház in application 56581/12.
On the same date the Government further submitted that settlement negotiations were still pending, with a view to concluding partial agreements, with Szim Shalom Egyház in application no. 41150/12, Magyar Reform Zsidó Hitközségek Szövetsége Egyház in application no. 41155/12, Dharmaling Magyarország Buddhista Egyház in application no. 41553/12 and Magyarországi Evangéliumi Testvérközösség in application no. 54977/12.
On 23 July 2015 Út és Erény Közössége Egyház (one of the applicants in application no. 41553/12) informed the Court that it had changed lawyer and was thereafter represented by Mr T. Perecz, a lawyer practising in Budapest.
On 28 July 2015 the Government informed the Court about the conclusion of partial agreements with three applicants out of those four mentioned in paragraph 8 above, notably Szim Shalom Egyház in application no. 41150/12, Magyar Reform Zsidó Hitközségek Szövetsége Egyház in application no. 41155/12, and Magyarországi Evangéliumi Testvérközösség in application no. 54977/12.
ANKH Az Örök Élet Egyháza (in application no. 41553/12) claimed EUR 118, 000 in respect of loss of personal income tax donations and the corresponding supplementary State subsidy (see paragraph 25, fourth sentence, as well as section 4 of the Church Funding Act cited in paragraph 33 of the principal judgment).
Mantra Magyarországi Buddhista Egyháza (in application no. 41553/12) claimed HUF 171, 873,224 (EUR 573, 000) in respect of loss of personal income tax donations and the corresponding supplementary State subsidy.
Szangye Menlai Gedün, a Gyógyító Buddha Közössége Egyház (in application no. 41553/12) claimed HUF 17, 530,925 (EUR 58, 000) in respect of loss of personal income tax donations and the supplementary State subsidy and HUF 2, 611,680 (EUR 9, 000) in respect of interests.
Univerzum Egyháza (in application no. 41553/12) claimed HUF 28, 481,942 (EUR 95, 000) in respect of loss of personal income tax donations and the supplementary State subsidy.
Usui Szellemi Iskola Közösség Egyház (in application no. 41553/12) claimed HUF 54, 000,000 (EUR 180, 000) in respect of loss of personal income tax donations and the supplementary State subsidy; HUF 350, 000,000 (EUR 1, 167,000) on account of the decrease in the number of persons offering personal income tax donations; HUF 158, 244,000 (EUR 527, 000) for a "decrease" in the contributions collected for the community's financing and, as a separate demand, HUF 400, 000,000 (EUR 1, 333,000) for a "drastic decrease" in the same income; HUF 294, 800,000 (EUR 983, 000) in respect of loss of State subsidies; as well as HUF 500, 000,000 (EUR 1, 667,000) for the closure of ten out of the applicant's twelve venues for healing.
Út és Erény Közössége Egyház (in application no. 41553/12) submitted that, prior to the removal of its church status, it had been involved in social activities at several places in Hungary, pursuing the teachings of Taoism.
Holds that the finding of a violation constitutes in itself sufficient just satisfaction for the non-pecuniary damage sustained by Mr Szücs (Út és Erény Közössége Egyház, application no. 41553/12);.
Holds that the questions as to the application of Article 41 in respect of the claims of Magyarországi Evangéliumi Testvérközösség (application no. 54977/12) are not ready for decision and accordingly,.
EUR 60, 000 (sixty thousand euros), plus any tax that may be chargeable, to ANKH Az Örök Élet Egyháza (application no. 41553/12);.
EUR 90, 000 (ninety thousand euros), plus any tax that may be chargeable, to Dharmaling Magyarország Buddhista Egyház (application no. 41553/12);.
EUR 140, 000 (one hundred and forty thousand euros), plus any tax that may be chargeable, to Mantra Magyarországi Buddhista Egyháza (application no. 41553/12);.
EUR 45, 000 (forty-five thousand euros), plus any tax that may be chargeable, to Szangye Menlai Gedün, a Gyógyító Buddha Közössége Egyház (application no. 41553/12);.
EUR 60, 000 (sixty thousand euros), plus any tax that may be chargeable, to Univerzum Egyháza (application no. 41553/12);.
EUR 105, 000 (one hundred and five thousand euros), plus any tax that may be chargeable, to Usui Szellemi Iskola Közösség Egyház (application no. 41553/12);.
EUR 40, 000 (forty thousand euros), plus any tax that may be chargeable, to Út és Erény Közössége Egyház (application no. 41553/12);.
EUR 2, 000 (two thousand euros), plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants, to ANKH Az Örök Élet Egyháza, Dharmaling Magyarország Buddhista Egyház, Mantra Magyarországi Buddhista Egyháza, Szangye Menlai Gedün, a Gyógyító Buddha Közössége Egyház, Univerzum Egyháza, Usui Szellemi Iskola Közösség Egyház, and Út és Erény Közössége Egyház (application no. 41553/12) each;.
EUR 800 (eight hundred euros), plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants, to Szim Shalom Egyház (application no. 41150/12) and Magyar Reform Zsidó Hitközségek Szövetsége Egyház (application no. 41155/12) jointly;.
in application no. 23611/12: Evangéliumi Szolnoki Gyülekezet Egyház and Mr Péter János Soós;.
in application no. 26998/12: Budapesti Autonóm Gyülekezet and Mr Tamás Görbicz;.
in application no. 41150/12: Szim Salom Egyház and Mr Gergely Gusztáv Guba;.
in application no. 41155/12: Magyar Reform Zsidó Hitközségek Szövetsége Egyház and Ms László Mátyásné Bruck;.
in application no. 41463/12: European Union for Progressive Judaism;.
in application no. 54977/12: Magyarországi Evangéliumi Testvérközösség;.
in application no. 56581/12: Magyarországi Biblia Szól Egyház;.
in application no. 41553/12: ANKH Az Örök Élet Egyháza, Árpád Rendjének Jogalapja Tradícionális Egyház, Dharmaling Magyarország Buddhista Egyház, Fény Gyermekei Magyar Esszénus Egyház, Mantra Magyarországi Buddhista Egyháza, Szangye Menlai Gedün A Gyógyító Buddha Közössége Egyház, Univerzum Egyháza, Usui Szellemi Iskola Közösség Egyház, Út és Erény Közössége Egyház.
- EGMR, 13.06.1994 - 10588/83
BARBERŔ, MESSEGUÉ AND JABARDO v. SPAIN (ARTICLE 50)
Auszug aus EGMR, 28.06.2016 - 70945/11
In appropriate cases, this may include compensation in respect of loss of earnings (see, among other authorities, Barberŕ, Messegué and Jabardo v. Spain (Article 50), 13 June 1994, § 16-20, Series A no. 285-C; and Kuric, cited above, § 81). - EGMR, 07.06.2012 - 38433/09
CENTRO EUROPA 7 S.R.L. AND DI STEFANO v. ITALY
Auszug aus EGMR, 28.06.2016 - 70945/11
The Court further notes that where a loss of earnings (lucrum cessans) is alleged, it must be conclusively established and must not be based on mere conjecture or probability (see Centro Europa 7 S.r.l. and Di Stefano v. Italy [GC], no. 38433/09, § 219, ECHR 2012). - EGMR, 06.11.1980 - 6538/74
SUNDAY TIMES c. ROYAUME-UNI (N° 1) (ARTICLE 50)
Auszug aus EGMR, 28.06.2016 - 70945/11
The question to be decided in such cases is the level of just satisfaction, in respect of both past and future pecuniary losses, which it is necessary to award each applicant, the matter to be determined by the Court at its discretion, having regard to what is equitable (see, mutatis mutandis, The Sunday Times v. the United Kingdom (no. 1) (Article 50), 6 November 1980, § 15, Series A no. 38; and Kuric, cited above, § 82).
Rechtsprechung
| EGMR, 25.04.2017 - 54977/12, 70945/11, 23611/12, 26998/12, 41150/12, 41155/12, 41553/12, 56581/12 |
Volltextveröffentlichung
- Europäischer Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte
MAGYARORSZÁGI EVANGÉLIUMI TESTVÉRKÖZÖSSÉG v. HUNGARY
Pecuniary damage - award (Article 41 - Pecuniary damage;Just satisfaction) (englisch)
Wird zitiert von ... (2) Neu Zitiert selbst (6)
- EGMR, 08.04.2014 - 70945/11
Ungarns Kirchengesetz verletzt die Menschenrechte
Auszug aus EGMR, 25.04.2017 - 54977/12
70945/11, 23611/12, 26998/12, 41150/12, 41155/12, 41463/12, 41553/12, 54977/12 and 56581/12) against Hungary lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms ("the Convention") by various religious communities active in Hungary, and their ministers and members (see Annex), on 16 November 2011, 3 and 24 April, 25 and 28 June, and 19 and 29 August 2012, respectively.In a judgment delivered on 8 April 2014 ("the principal judgment"), the Court declared application no. 41463/12 inadmissible and held, as regards the remaining applications, that in removing the applicants" church status altogether rather than applying less stringent measures, in establishing a politically tainted re-registration procedure and in treating the applicants differently from the so-called incorporated churches in certain aspects, the authorities had disregarded their duty of neutrality vis-ŕ-vis the applicant communities.
70945/11, 23611/12, 26998/12, 41150/12, 41155/12, 41463/12, 41553/12, 54977/12 and 56581/12, ECHR 2014 (extracts)).
70945/11, 23611/12, 26998/12, 41150/12, 41155/12, 41553/12, 54977/12 and 56581/12).
- EGMR, 13.07.2000 - 25735/94
Fall E. gegen DEUTSCHLAND
Auszug aus EGMR, 25.04.2017 - 54977/12
In a similar vein, a real loss of opportunities may also warrant monetary compensation (see, mutatis mutandis and among other authorities, Centro Europa 7 S.r.l. and Di Stefano v. Italy [GC], no. 38433/09, §§ 219-220, ECHR 2012; Gaweda v. Poland, no. 26229/95, § 54, ECHR 2002-II; Elsholz v. Germany [GC], no. 25735/94, § 70, ECHR 2000-VIII; and Artico v. Italy, 13 May 1980, § 42, Series A no. 37). - EGMR, 06.11.1980 - 6538/74
SUNDAY TIMES c. ROYAUME-UNI (N° 1) (ARTICLE 50)
Auszug aus EGMR, 25.04.2017 - 54977/12
The question to be decided in such cases is the level of just satisfaction, in respect of both past and future pecuniary losses, which it is necessary to award each applicant, the matter to be determined by the Court at its discretion, having regard to what is equitable (see, mutatis mutandis, The Sunday Times v. the United Kingdom (no. 1) (Article 50), 6 November 1980, § 15, Series A no. 38; and Kuric, cited above, § 82).
- EGMR, 13.05.1980 - 6694/74
ARTICO c. ITALIE
Auszug aus EGMR, 25.04.2017 - 54977/12
In a similar vein, a real loss of opportunities may also warrant monetary compensation (see, mutatis mutandis and among other authorities, Centro Europa 7 S.r.l. and Di Stefano v. Italy [GC], no. 38433/09, §§ 219-220, ECHR 2012; Gaweda v. Poland, no. 26229/95, § 54, ECHR 2002-II; Elsholz v. Germany [GC], no. 25735/94, § 70, ECHR 2000-VIII; and Artico v. Italy, 13 May 1980, § 42, Series A no. 37). - EGMR, 14.03.2002 - 26229/95
GAWEDA v. POLAND
Auszug aus EGMR, 25.04.2017 - 54977/12
In a similar vein, a real loss of opportunities may also warrant monetary compensation (see, mutatis mutandis and among other authorities, Centro Europa 7 S.r.l. and Di Stefano v. Italy [GC], no. 38433/09, §§ 219-220, ECHR 2012; Gaweda v. Poland, no. 26229/95, § 54, ECHR 2002-II; Elsholz v. Germany [GC], no. 25735/94, § 70, ECHR 2000-VIII; and Artico v. Italy, 13 May 1980, § 42, Series A no. 37). - EGMR, 13.06.1994 - 10588/83
BARBERŔ, MESSEGUÉ AND JABARDO v. SPAIN (ARTICLE 50)
Auszug aus EGMR, 25.04.2017 - 54977/12
In appropriate cases, this may include compensation in respect of loss of earnings (see, among other authorities, Barberŕ, Messegué and Jabardo v. Spain (Article 50), 13 June 1994, § 16-20, Series A no. 285-C; and Kuric, cited above, § 81).
- EGMR, 21.04.2015 - 72874/01
UNION OF JEHOVAH'S WITNESSES AND OTHERS v. GEORGIA
- EGMR, 21.04.2015 - 51016/11
OVRAN AND OTHERS v. THE NETHERLANDS