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In particular, the force used must be strictly proportionate to the achievement of the aims set out in sub-paragraphs 2(a), (b) and (c) of Article 2. Furthermore, in keeping with the importance of this provision in a democratic society, the Court must, in making its assessment, subject any such deprivation of life to the most careful scrutiny, particularly where deliberate lethal force is used, taking into consideration not only the actions of the agents of the State who actually administer the force but also all the surrounding circumstances, including such matters as the planning and control of the actions under examination (see McCann and Others v. the United Kingdom, 27 September 1995, §§ 147-50, Series A no. 324; Andronicou and Constantinou v. Cyprus, 9 October 1997, § 171, Reports of Judgments and Decisions 1997-VI; Musayev and Others v. Russia, nos. 57941/00, 58699/00 and 60403/00, § 142, 26 July 2007; and Shchiborshch and Kuzmina v. Russia, no. 5269/08, §§ 205-6, 16 January 2014).

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Nevertheless, detached from the events at issue, the Court cannot substitute its own assessment of the situation for that of an officer who was required to react in the heat of the moment to avert an honestly perceived danger to his life (see Bubbins v. the United Kingdom, no. 50196/99, § 139, ECHR 2005-II (extracts)).

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Referring to the judgments in the cases of Tzekov v. Bulgaria (no. 45500/99, 23 February 2006) and Nachova and Others v. Bulgaria ([GC], nos. 43577/98 and 43579/98, ECHR 2005-VII), the applicants point out that the Court has previously criticised the domestic legislation which allowed the use of firearms by the police to effect an arrest, regardless of the seriousness of the offence allegedly committed or the danger which the person concerned represented.

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Referring to the judgments in the cases of Tzekov v. Bulgaria (no. 45500/99, 23 February 2006) and Nachova and Others v. Bulgaria ([GC], nos. 43577/98 and 43579/98, ECHR 2005-VII), the applicants point out that the Court has previously criticised the domestic legislation which allowed the use of firearms by the police to effect an arrest, regardless of the seriousness of the offence allegedly committed or the danger which the person concerned represented.