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• Europäischer Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte

  X v. CYPRUS

  Violation of Article 3 - Prohibition of torture (Article 3 - Effective investigation;Positive obligations) (Procedural aspect);Violation of Article 8 - Right to respect for private and family life (Article 8 - Positive obligations;Article 8-1 - Respect for private ...

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• Europäischer Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte (Verfahrensmitteilung)

  X v. CYPRUS

  [ENG]

Wird zitiert von ... (9)Zitiert selbst (12)

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• EGMR, 13.02.2024 - 38588/21

  X v. GREECE

  Auszug aus EGMR, 27.02.2025 - 40733/22

  Rn. 84 The relevant provisions of various EU laws and Council of Europe materials on the rights of victims of crime and the protection of women against violence, including the Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence ("the Istanbul Convention"), which entered into force with respect to Cyprus on 1 March 2018, were recently outlined in X v. Greece, no. 38588/21, §§ 23-30 and 32-33, 13 February 2024.

  Rn. 104 The relevant principles concerning the State's obligation inherent in Articles 3 and 8 of the Convention to investigate cases of ill-treatment, and in particular sexual abuse committed by private individuals, are set out in M.C. v. Bulgaria (cited above, §§ 149, 151 and 153), M.G.C. v. Romania (no. 61495/11, §§ 54-59, 15 March 2016) and more recently in X v. Greece (no. 38588/21, § 103, 13 February 2024).

• EGMR, 24.10.1979 - 6301/73

  Auszug aus EGMR, 27.02.2025 - 40733/22

  Therefore, the Supreme Court, which is better placed to evaluate the evidence adduced before it than the present Court (see, among many authorities, Winterwerp v. the Netherlands, 24 October 1979, § 40 Series A no. 33), established certain deficiencies in the first-instance court's assessment, which were also reflective of the omissions of the police when conducting their investigation.
• EGMR, 27.05.2021 - 5671/16

  J.L. c. ITALIE

  Auszug aus EGMR, 27.02.2025 - 40733/22

  Rn. 125 In conclusion, the Court observes that the present case reveals certain biases concerning women in Cyprus which impeded the effective protection of the applicant's rights as a victim of gender-based violence and which, if not reversed, run the risk of creating a background of impunity, discouraging victims' trust in the criminal justice system, despite the existence of a satisfactory legislative framework (see, mutatis mutandis, J.L. v. Italy, no. 5671/16, § 140, 27 May 2021).

• EGMR, 28.05.2015 - 41107/10

  Y. v. SLOVENIA

  Auszug aus EGMR, 27.02.2025 - 40733/22

  Rn. 123 The above, together with the numerous interviews the applicant had had to undergo repeating her statement to the authorities, also constitute evidence of re-victimisation through the authorities' failure to adopt a victim-sensitive approach and to conduct their investigation so as to mitigate distress to the applicant (see, mutatis mutandis, Y. v. Slovenia, no. 41107/10, § 109, ECHR 2015 (extracts), and X v. Greece, cited above, § 86. In this context the Court also refers to GREVIO's recommendations, points 149-153 of the report cited in paragraph 85 above).
• EGMR, 07.03.2017 - 29994/02

  [ENG]

  Auszug aus EGMR, 27.02.2025 - 40733/22

  Rn. 90 The Court considers that although the respondent State did not raise an objection in relation to the applicant's victim status this issue calls for consideration by the Court in view of the Supreme Court's findings (see paragraphs 67-72 above) as these are closely linked to the question of the effectiveness of the investigation (see, for example, D.J. v. Croatia, no. 42418/10, § 68, 24 July 2012; İ.G. v. Türkiye, no. 32887/19, § 29, 27 August 2024; and, mutatis mutandis, Döner and Others v. Turkey, no. 29994/02, § 81, 7 March 2017).
• EGMR, 15.03.2016 - 61495/11

  M. G. C. v. ROMANIA

  Auszug aus EGMR, 27.02.2025 - 40733/22

  Rn. 104 The relevant principles concerning the State's obligation inherent in Articles 3 and 8 of the Convention to investigate cases of ill-treatment, and in particular sexual abuse committed by private individuals, are set out in M.C. v. Bulgaria (cited above, §§ 149, 151 and 153), M.G.C. v. Romania (no. 61495/11, §§ 54-59, 15 March 2016) and more recently in X v. Greece (no. 38588/21, § 103, 13 February 2024).
• EGMR, 28.05.2020 - 39257/17

  Z v. BULGARIA

  Auszug aus EGMR, 27.02.2025 - 40733/22

  Notwithstanding its subsidiary role in the matter the Court has been particularly critical in rape allegation cases where the investigating authorities, faced with irreconcilable versions of facts, did not make a consistent effort to establish all the surrounding circumstances and to engage in a context-sensitive assessment of the credibility of the statements (see M.C. v. Bulgaria, cited above, §§ 176-77, and Z v. Bulgaria, no. 39257/17, § 74, 28 May 2020).
• EGMR, 24.05.2016 - 36934/08

  I.M. v. ROMANIA

  Auszug aus EGMR, 27.02.2025 - 40733/22

  Rn. 108 In addition, in accordance with contemporary standards and trends in the area, Contracting States' positive obligations under Articles 3 and 8 of the Convention must be seen as requiring the effective penalisation and prosecution of any non-consensual sexual act, including where the victim has not resisted physically (see, among many authorities, M.G.C. v. Romania, cited above, § 59, and I.C. v. Romania, no. 36934/08, § 52, 24 May 2016).
• EGMR, 27.08.2024 - 32887/19

  I.G. v. TURKEY

  Auszug aus EGMR, 27.02.2025 - 40733/22

  Rn. 90 The Court considers that although the respondent State did not raise an objection in relation to the applicant's victim status this issue calls for consideration by the Court in view of the Supreme Court's findings (see paragraphs 67-72 above) as these are closely linked to the question of the effectiveness of the investigation (see, for example, D.J. v. Croatia, no. 42418/10, § 68, 24 July 2012; İ.G. v. Türkiye, no. 32887/19, § 29, 27 August 2024; and, mutatis mutandis, Döner and Others v. Turkey, no. 29994/02, § 81, 7 March 2017).
• EGMR, 28.01.2020 - 29068/10

  NICOLAOU v. CYPRUS

  Auszug aus EGMR, 27.02.2025 - 40733/22

  Rn. 128 The applicant claimed over 30, 000 euros (EUR) in respect of non-pecuniary damage with reference to Nicolaou v. Cyprus (no. 29068/10, § 152, 28 January 2020) arguing that the State's failure to investigate is ongoing and that she suffered damage to her personal integrity.
• EGMR, 28.04.2015 - 33708/12

  I.P. v. THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
• EGMR, 14.09.2021 - 40419/19

  VOLODINA v. RUSSIA

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• EGMR, 16.07.2026 - 7411/24

  KARICKOVÁ v. THE CZECH REPUBLIC

  In view of the applicant's arguments, the Court will also assess whether the investigation was influenced by racist stereotypes (see, mutatis mutandis, Stoica, cited above, § 121; Beizaras and Levickas v. Lithuania, no. 41288/15, § 129, 14 January 2020; I.C. v. the Republic of Moldova, no. 36436/22, §§ 199 and 220-21, 27 February 2025; and X v. Cyprus, no. 40733/22, §§ 119-120, 27 February 2025).
• EGMR, 04.09.2025 - 30556/22

  E.A. ET ASSOCIATION AVFT c. FRANCE

  Rn. 141 Même si, en pratique, il peut parfois s'avérer difficile de prouver l'absence de consentement sans preuves « directes'de viol, comme des traces de violence ou des témoins directs, les autorités n'en ont pas moins l'obligation d'examiner tous les faits pertinents et de statuer après s'être livrées à une appréciation de l'ensemble des circonstances des faits (M.C. c. Bulgarie, précité, § 181, Z c. Bulgarie, précité, § 74, M.G.C. c. Roumanie, précité, § 72, et X c. Chypre, no 40733/22, § 116, 27 février 2025).
• EGMR, 31.03.2026 - 35640/22

  X v. GEORGIA

  The authorities must also ensure that the proceedings are conducted in a way that protects victims from secondary victimisation by taking appropriate measures to mitigate distress and avoiding reliance on gender stereotypes or moralising commentary (see J.L. v. Italy, no. 5671/16, §§ 137-41, 27 May 2021; X v. Greece, cited above, § 86; and X v. Cyprus, no. 40733/22, §§ 121-23, 27 February 2025).

• EGMR, 23.10.2025 - 40312/23

  A.J. v. SPAIN and 1 other applkcation

  In light of the systematic pattern of evidence loss, the Court concludes that the cumulative effect of the evidence preservation failures in the present case went beyond the "isolated errors" or minor investigative omissions with which the Court is not normally concerned in its analysis (compare X v. Cyprus, no. 40733/22, § 116, 27 February 2025; X v. Greece, cited above, § 87, and J.L. v. Italy, cited above, § 135).
• EGMR, 13.01.2026 - 59809/19

  R.E. v. ICELAND and 3 other applications

  The authorities must also ensure that the proceedings are conducted in a way that protects victims from secondary victimisation by taking appropriate measures to mitigate distress and avoiding reliance on gender stereotypes or moralising commentary (see J.L. v. Italy, cited above, §§ 137-41; X v. Greece, no. 38588/21, § 86, 13 February 2024; X v. Cyprus, no. 40733/22, §§ 121-23, 27 February 2025; and L. and Others, cited above, § 200).
• EGMR, 03.07.2025 - 28150/22

  N.T. v. CYPRUS

  They relied on the example of X. v. Cyprus (no. 40733/22, 27 February 2025) and the GREVIO baseline report for Cyprus.
• EGMR - 28658/25 (anhängig)

  A.H. c. FRANCE

  Les autorités internes ont-elles pris toutes les mesures nécessaires, adéquates et effectives pour protéger la dignité, l'intégrité et la vie privée de la requérante - victime présumée de violences sexuelles - notamment en empêchant la diffusion des vidéos la représentant lors des faits allégués (M.Ş.D. c. Roumanie, no 28935/21, §§ 118-121, 3 décembre 2024, et X c. Chypre, no 40733/22, § 89, 27 février 2025) ?.
• EGMR - 17650/25 (anhängig)

  A c. FRANCE

  Eu égard aux obligations positives incombant à l'État défendeur en vertu des articles 3 et 8 de la Convention, les autorités internes ont-elles pris toutes les mesures nécessaires, adéquates et effectives pour protéger la dignité, l'intégrité et la vie privée de la requérante - victime présumée de violences sexuelles - notamment en empêchant la diffusion et le maintien en ligne d'images et de vidéos la représentant lors des faits allégués (M.Ş.D. c. Roumanie, no 28935/21, §§ 118-121, 3 décembre 2024 et X c. Chypre, no 40733/22, § 89, 27 février 2025) ?.
• EGMR, 13.01.2026 - 3538/21

  Z v. ICELAND

  The authorities must also ensure that the proceedings are conducted in a manner that protects victims from secondary victimisation by taking appropriate measures to mitigate distress and avoiding reliance on gender stereotypes or moralising commentary (see J.L. v. Italy, cited above, §§ 137-41; X v. Greece, no. 38588/21, § 86, 13 February 2024; X v. Cyprus, no. 40733/22, §§ 121-23, 27 February 2025; and L. and Others, cited above, § 200).