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• Europäischer Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte

  PARMAK AND BAKIR v. TURKEY

  Violation of Article 7 - No punishment without law (Article 7-1 - Nullum crimen sine lege);Violation of Article 8 - Right to respect for private and family life (Article 8-1 - Respect for private life);Pecuniary damage - award (Article 41 - Pecuniary damage;Just ...

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• Europäischer Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte (Verfahrensmitteilung)

  PARMAK v. TURKEY and 1 other application

  Art. 6, Art. 6 Abs. 1, Art. 6 Abs. 2, Art. 7, Art. 7 Abs. 1, Art. 10, Art. 10 Abs. 1, Art. 10 Abs. 2 MRK
  [ENG]

Wird zitiert von ... (35)Zitiert selbst (13)

alle Zitatstellen anzeigen
• EGMR, 12.07.2007 - 74613/01

  Rechtssache J. gegen DEUTSCHLAND

  Auszug aus EGMR, 03.12.2019 - 22429/07

  In so doing, the Court will have regard to whether the interpretation in question was the resultant development of a perceptible line of case-law or its application in broader circumstances was nevertheless consistent with the essence of the offence (see, inter alia, S.W. v. the United Kingdom, 22 November 1995, §§ 36, Series A no. 335-B, and Jorgic v. Germany, no. 74613/01, §§ 101-107, ECHR 2007-III).
• EGMR, 17.09.2009 - 10249/03

  Rückwirkende Strafschärfung und Anerkennung des Meistbegünstigungsprinzips als …

  Auszug aus EGMR, 03.12.2019 - 22429/07

  That principle is embodied in the rule that where there are differences between the criminal law in force at the time of the commission of the offence and subsequent criminal laws enacted before a final judgment is rendered, the courts must apply the law whose provisions are most favourable to the defendant (see, mutatis mutandis, Scoppola v. Italy (no. 2) [GC], no. 10249/03, § 109, 17 September 2009, and Koprivnikar v. Slovenia, no. 67503/13, § 49, 24 January 2017).
• EGMR, 22.11.1995 - 20166/92

  S.W. c. ROYAUME-UNI

  Auszug aus EGMR, 03.12.2019 - 22429/07

  In so doing, the Court will have regard to whether the interpretation in question was the resultant development of a perceptible line of case-law or its application in broader circumstances was nevertheless consistent with the essence of the offence (see, inter alia, S.W. v. the United Kingdom, 22 November 1995, §§ 36, Series A no. 335-B, and Jorgic v. Germany, no. 74613/01, §§ 101-107, ECHR 2007-III).

• EGMR, 11.07.2017 - 19867/12

  FONTES MOREIRA FERREIRA c. PORTUGAL

  Auszug aus EGMR, 03.12.2019 - 22429/07

  Given the subsidiary nature of the Convention system, it is not the Court's function to deal with errors of fact or law allegedly committed by a domestic court, unless and in so far as they may have infringed rights and freedoms protected by the Convention and unless that domestic assessment is arbitrary or manifestly unreasonable (see, inter alia, Moreira Ferreira v. Portugal (no. 2) [GC], no. 19867/12, § 83, 11 July 2017 and Alparslan Altan v. Turkey, no. 12778/17, § 110, 16 April 2019).
• EGMR, 08.07.1999 - 23536/94

  Strafrechtliche Verfolgung auf Grund der Veröffentlichung eines Buches mit …

  Auszug aus EGMR, 03.12.2019 - 22429/07

  The Court also notes in that connection that in Turkish criminal law, courts are required to comply with Article 7 § 2 of the Criminal Code, in accordance with which the provisions most favourable to the offender shall be applied (see also Başkaya and Okçuoğlu v. Turkey [GC], nos. 23536/94 and 24408/94, § 51, ECHR 1999-IV).
• EGMR, 16.04.2019 - 12778/17

  Türkei verurteilt: Haft für Verfassungsrichter war illegal

  Auszug aus EGMR, 03.12.2019 - 22429/07

  Given the subsidiary nature of the Convention system, it is not the Court's function to deal with errors of fact or law allegedly committed by a domestic court, unless and in so far as they may have infringed rights and freedoms protected by the Convention and unless that domestic assessment is arbitrary or manifestly unreasonable (see, inter alia, Moreira Ferreira v. Portugal (no. 2) [GC], no. 19867/12, § 83, 11 July 2017 and Alparslan Altan v. Turkey, no. 12778/17, § 110, 16 April 2019).
• EGMR, 14.10.2014 - 4524/06

  YILDIZ AND OTHERS v. TURKEY

  Auszug aus EGMR, 03.12.2019 - 22429/07

  In those circumstances, and bearing in mind the terms of Rule 60 § 2 and 3 of its Rules, the Court makes no award in respect of the costs and expenses claimed by the second applicant (see, inter alia, Hasan Döner v. Turkey, no. 53546/99, §§ 59-61, 20 November 2007, and Yılmaz Yıldız and Others v. Turkey, no. 4524/06, § 57, 14 October 2014).
• EGMR, 20.02.2007 - 65715/01

  Benli ./. Türkei

  Auszug aus EGMR, 03.12.2019 - 22429/07

  The Government relied on Benli v. Turkey (no. 65715/01, 20 February 2007), and argued that, in the instant case, the applicants' conviction could not be viewed as an interference with their rights under Article 10 of the Convention.
• EGMR, 06.12.2005 - 29871/96

  ILETMIS v. TURKEY

  Auszug aus EGMR, 03.12.2019 - 22429/07

  Moreover, the Court has examined similar complaints under Article 8 of the Convention by having regard to the fact that freedom of movement, particularly across borders, is considered essential to the full development of a person's private life, especially when he or she has family, professional and economic ties in several countries ( see İletmiş v. Turkey, no. 29871/96, § 50, ECHR 2005-XII; Paşaoğlu v. Turkey, no. 8932/03, §§ 42-43, 8 July 2008; see also, mutatis mutandis, Riener v. Bulgaria, no. 46343/99, § 134, 23 May 2006, and Pfeifer v. Bulgaria, no. 24733/04, §§ 59-62, 17 February 2011).
• EGMR, 07.03.2013 - 36036/04

  MAKEDONSKI AGAINST BULGARIA

  Auszug aus EGMR, 03.12.2019 - 22429/07

  In that respect, the Court reiterates that it is not in itself questionable that the State may apply various preventive measures restricting the liberty of an accused in order to ensure the efficient conduct of a criminal prosecution; such measures may include deprivation of liberty (see, for example, Makedonski v. Bulgaria, no. 36036/04, § 39, 20 January 2011).
• EGMR, 20.11.2007 - 53546/99

  HASAN DÖNER v. TURKEY
• EGMR, 14.03.2013 - 26261/05

  [ENG]
• RG, 26.02.1926 - I 4/26

  1. Kann ein Beschluss, durch den das gegen einen erkennenden Richter erster …

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• EGMR, 27.10.2026 - 19565/15

  MIRON AND OTHERS v. ROMANIA

  Furthermore, the interpretation relied on by the national courts to establish the applicants' individual liability was consistent with the essence of the offence in question (see Parmak and Bakır v. Turkey, nos. 22429/07 and 25195/07, § 65, 3 December 2019, and Tristan v. the Republic of Moldova, no. 13451/15, § 51, 4 July 2023).
• EGMR, 06.10.2026 - 5232/24

  DACI v. ALBANIA

  Rn. 70 When examining whether the domestic courts' broad interpretation of the text of the law was reasonably foreseeable for the purposes of Article 7 § 1 of the Convention, the Court has regard to whether the interpretation in question was the resultant development of a perceptible line of case-law or its application in broader circumstances was nevertheless consistent with the essence of the offence (see Parmak and Bakır v. Turkey, nos. 22429/07 and 25195/07, § 65, 3 December 2019).
• EGMR, 23.05.2024 - 6232/20

  Micheil Saakaschwili

  Again, while certainty is highly desirable, it may bring in its train excessive rigidity, and the law must be able to keep pace with changing circumstances (see Del Río Prada, cited above, § 92, and Parmak and Bakır v. Turkey, nos. 22429/07 and 25195/07, § 59, 3 December 2019).

• EGMR, 08.10.2024 - 48047/15

  JESUS PINHAL c. PORTUGAL et 2 autres affaires

  Le principe de l'application rétroactive de la loi pénale plus douce s'applique également dans le contexte d'une réforme concernant la définition de l'infraction (Parmak et Bakır c. Turquie, nos 22429/07 et 25195/07, § 64, 3 décembre 2019, et Avis consultatif P16-2019-001, précité, § 82).
• EGMR, 16.07.2026 - 20409/23

  R.B. v. ITALY

  Rn. 76 When examining if the domestic courts' broad interpretation of the text of the law was reasonably foreseeable for the purposes of Article 7 § 1 of the Convention, the Court has regard to whether the interpretation in question was the resultant development of a perceptible line of case-law or its application in broader circumstances was nevertheless consistent with the essence of the offence (see Parmak and Bakır v. Turkey, nos. 22429/07 and 25195/07, § 65, 3 December 2019, and Tristan v. the Republic of Moldova, no. 13451/15, § 51, 4 July 2023; see also Total S.A. and Vitol S.A. v. France, nos. 34634/18 and 43546/18, § 55, 12 October 2023).
• Generalanwalt beim EuGH, 18.12.2025 - C-280/25

  Vorlage zur Vorabentscheidung - Schutz der finanziellen Interessen der …

  Er stuft jedoch unvorhersehbare richterliche Auslegungen, die die strafrechtliche Verfolgung verschärfen, als Verstoß gegen Art. 7 EMRK ein; vgl. Urteil vom 3. Dezember 2019, Parmark und Bakir/Türkei (CE:ECHR:2019:1203JUD002242907, §§ 73 bis 77), in dem er die Auslegung der türkischen Gerichte, die eine psychische Nötigung in den Straftatbestand des Terrorismus einbezog, ablehnte.
• EGMR, 24.05.2022 - 74536/10

  ÇETINKAYA v. TURKEY and 1 other application

  The Court also notes in that connection that in Turkish criminal law, courts are required to comply with Article 7 § 2 of the Criminal Code, in accordance with which the provisions most favourable to the offender shall be applied (see Parmak and Bakir v. Turkey, nos. 22429/07 and 25195/07, § 64 in fine, 3 December 2019).

  The principle of retrospective application of the more lenient criminal law also applies in the context of an amendment relating to the definition of the offence (see Parmak and Bakir v. Turkey, nos. 22429/07 and 25195/07, § 64, 3 December 2019, and Advisory opinion P16-2019-001, cited above, § 82).

• EGMR, 28.05.2026 - 26187/14

  PETRIGNANI v. ITALY

  When examining if the domestic courts' broad interpretation of the text of the law was reasonably foreseeable for the purposes of Article 7 § 1 of the Convention, the Court has regard to whether the interpretation in question was the resultant development of a perceptible line of case-law or its application in broader circumstances was nevertheless consistent with the essence of the offence (see Parmak and Bakır v. Turkey, nos. 22429/07 and 25195/07, § 65, 3 December 2019, and Tristan v. the Republic of Moldova, no. 13451/15, § 51, 4 July 2023; see also Total S.A. and Vitol S.A. v. France, nos. 34634/18 and 43546/18, § 55, 12 October 2023).
• EGMR, 27.10.2020 - 29084/07

  AYETULLAH AY v. TURKEY

  Having said that, the Court does not lose sight of the difficulties associated with the fight against terrorism and the challenges that States face in the light of the changing methods and tactics used in the commission of terrorist offences (see Parmak and Bakır v. Turkey, nos. 22429/07 and 25195/07, § 77, 3 December 2019).
• EGMR, 23.04.2024 - 39300/18

  SACHARUK v. LITHUANIA

  Rn. 145 When examining if the domestic courts' broad interpretation of the text of the law was reasonably foreseeable for the purposes of Article 7 § 1 of the Convention, the Court has regard to whether the interpretation in question was the resultant development of a perceptible line of case-law or its application in broader circumstances was nevertheless consistent with the essence of the offence (see Parmak and Bakır v. Turkey, nos. 22429/07 and 25195/07, § 65, 3 December 2019).
• EGMR, 07.09.2023 - 17053/20

  BAVCAR v. SLOVENIA
• EGMR, 27.08.2024 - 17389/20

  YASAK v. TURKEY
• EGMR, 15.04.2025 - 22198/18

  BADESCU c. ROUMANIE et 1 autre affaire
• EGMR, 13.07.2021 - 35211/08

  KOÇ AND OTHERS v. TURKEY
• EGMR, 25.01.2022 - 227/13

  KOCAMIS AND KURT v. TURKEY
• EGMR, 04.07.2023 - 13451/15

  TRISTAN v. THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
• EGMR, 18.10.2022 - 60785/19

  MØRK JENSEN v. DENMARK
• EGMR, 19.11.2020 - 2953/14

  PANTALON v. CROATIA
• EGMR, 09.07.2024 - 38998/20

  DELGA c. FRANCE
• EGMR - 14871/20 (anhängig)

  PAÇAMAN v. TURKEY
• EGMR, 17.10.2024 - 71250/16

  CESARANO v. ITALY
• EGMR, 12.12.2023 - 28186/19

  JASUITIS v. LITHUANIA and 1 other application
• EGMR, 13.04.2023 - 54956/19

  NOEL c. FRANCE
• EGMR, 28.02.2023 - 39200/16

  BENZIANE c. GRÈCE
• EGMR - 22456/20 (anhängig)

  GILBERTI v. ITALY
• EGMR - 8177/23 (anhängig)

  BENIAMINO c. ITALIE et 1 autre affaire
• EGMR - 11232/25 (anhängig)

  S. ET K. c. RÉPUBLIQUE TCHÈQUE
• EGMR - 9163/23 (anhängig)

  MATACERA v. ITALY
• EGMR - 56288/18 (anhängig)

  ZAPPI AND OTHERS v. ITALY
• EGMR, 10.07.2025 - 76634/16

  WULFFAERT ET WULFFAERT BEHEER NV c. BELGIQUE
• EGMR, 06.12.2022 - 83460/17

  RADUCAN c. ROUMANIE
• EGMR - 16022/20 (anhängig)

  GÜVEN v. TURKEY
• EGMR - 22086/20 (anhängig)

  YESILTEPE c. TÜRKIYE
• EGMR, 30.11.2021 - 41126/13

  ARTSRUNI v. ARMENIA
• EGMR - 27534/23 (anhängig)

  D.I. AND OTHERS v. LITHUANIA