Rechtsprechung
| EGMR, 28.06.2007 - 62540/00 |
Volltextveröffentlichung
- Europäischer Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte
ASSOCIATION FOR EUROPEAN INTEGRATION AND HUMAN RIGHTS AND EKIMDZHIEV v. BULGARIA
Art. 6, Art. 6 Abs. 1, Art. 8, Art. 8 Abs. 2, Art. 8 Abs. 1, Art. 13, Art. 29, Art. 29 Abs. 3, Art. 34, Art. 41, Art. 46, Art. 46 Abs. 1 MRK
Violation of Art. 8 Violation of Art. 13 No violation of Art. 6-1 Non-pecuniary damage - claim dismissed Costs and expenses award - Convention proceedings (englisch)
Wird zitiert von ... (57) Zitiert selbst (23)
- EGMR, 08.07.2004 - 48787/99
Transnistrien
Auszug aus EGMR, 28.06.2007 - 62540/00
The Court reiterates that, in the context of the execution of judgments in accordance with Article 46 of the Convention, a judgment in which it finds a violation of the Convention or its Protocols imposes on the respondent State a legal obligation not just to pay those concerned any sums awarded by way of just satisfaction, but also to choose, subject to supervision by the Committee of Ministers, the general and/or, if appropriate, individual measures to be adopted in its domestic legal order to put an end to the violation found by the Court and make all feasible reparation for its consequences in such a way as to restore as far as possible the situation existing before the breach (see, among other authorities, Assanidze v. Georgia [GC], no. 71503/01, § 198, ECHR 2004-II; and Ilascu and Others v. Moldova and Russia [GC], no. 48787/99, § 487, ECHR 2004-VII). - EGMR, 15.02.2005 - 68416/01
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The Court cannot make an award in respect of the hours the applicants themselves spent working on the case, as this time does not represent costs actually incurred by them (see Steel and Morris v. the United Kingdom, no. 68416/01, § 112, ECHR 2005-II, with further references). - EGMR, 08.04.2004 - 71503/01
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The Court reiterates that, in the context of the execution of judgments in accordance with Article 46 of the Convention, a judgment in which it finds a violation of the Convention or its Protocols imposes on the respondent State a legal obligation not just to pay those concerned any sums awarded by way of just satisfaction, but also to choose, subject to supervision by the Committee of Ministers, the general and/or, if appropriate, individual measures to be adopted in its domestic legal order to put an end to the violation found by the Court and make all feasible reparation for its consequences in such a way as to restore as far as possible the situation existing before the breach (see, among other authorities, Assanidze v. Georgia [GC], no. 71503/01, § 198, ECHR 2004-II; and Ilascu and Others v. Moldova and Russia [GC], no. 48787/99, § 487, ECHR 2004-VII).
- EGMR, 17.02.2004 - 39748/98
Maestri ./. Italien
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Furthermore, in ratifying the Convention, the Contracting States undertake to ensure that their domestic law is compatible with it (see Maestri v. Italy [GC], no. 39748/98, § 47, ECHR 2004-I). - EGMR, 20.06.2002 - 50963/99
AL-NASHIF v. BULGARIA
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It thus seems that during the initial stage, when surveillance is being authorised, the SSMA, if strictly adhered to - in particular, if care is taken not to stretch the concept of "national security" beyond its natural meaning (see Christie, cited above, p. 134; and, mutatis mutandis, Al-Nashif v. Bulgaria, no. 50963/99, § 124, 20 June 2002) -, provides substantial safeguards against arbitrary or indiscriminate surveillance. - EKMR, 27.06.1994 - 21482/93
CHRISTIE c. ROYAUME-UNI
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The SSMA circumscribes the purposes for which covert monitoring may be used: preventing or uncovering serious offences or protecting national security (see paragraph 10 above; see also Klass and Others, cited above, p. 24, § 51; and Christie v. the United Kingdom, no. 21482/93, Commission decision of 27 June 1994, DR 78-A, p. 119, at pp. 121-22). - EKMR, 08.06.1990 - 13564/88
LYSESTOL c. NORVEGE
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The Court further notes that the overall control over the system of secret surveillance is entrusted solely to the Minister of Internal Affairs (see paragraph 27 above) - who not only is a political appointee and a member of the executive, but is directly involved in the commissioning of special means of surveillance -, not to independent bodies, such as a special board elected by the Parliament and an independent commission, as was the case in Klass and Others (cited above, p. 12, § 21 and pp. 24-25, § 53), or a special commissioner holding or qualified to hold high judicial office, as was the case in Christie (cited above, pp. 123-30, 135 and 137), or a control committee consisting of persons having qualifications equivalent to those of a Supreme Court judge, as was the case in L. v. Norway (no. 13564/88, Commission decision of 8 June 1990, DR 65, p. 210, at pp. 215-16 and 220). - EKMR, 12.05.1988 - 12175/86
P.H. and H.H. v. THE UNITED KINGDOM
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Moreover, the Government have not provided any information on remedies - such as an application for a declaratory judgment or an action for damages - which could become available to the persons concerned if they find out about any measures against them (see Hewitt and Harman v. the United Kingdom, no. 12175/86, Commission's report of 9 May 1989, DR 67, p. 103, § 55). - EGMR, 06.09.1978 - 5029/71
Klass u.a. ./. Deutschland
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The Court therefore accepted that an individual may, under certain conditions, claim to be the victim of a violation occasioned by the mere existence of secret measures or of legislation permitting them, without having to allege that such measures were in fact applied to him or her (see Klass and Others, judgment of 6 September 1978, Series A no. 28, pp. 16-20, §§ 30-38; Malone v. the United Kingdom, judgment of 2 August 1984, Series A no. 82, p. 31, § 64; and Weber and Saravia v. Germany ((dec.), no. 54934/00, §§ 78 and 79, ECHR 2006-...). - EGMR, 26.03.1987 - 9248/81
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In addition, in the context of secret measures of surveillance by public authorities, because of the lack of public scrutiny and the risk of misuse of power, the domestic law must provide some protection against arbitrary interference with Article 8 rights (see Klass and Others, cited above, pp. 25-26, §§ 54-56; mutatis mutandis, Leander v. Sweden, judgment of 26 March 1987, Series A no. 116, pp. 25-27, §§ 60-67; Halford, cited above, p. 1017, § 49; Kopp, cited above, p. 541, § 64; and Weber and Saravia, cited above, § 94). - EGMR, 29.06.2006 - 54934/00
Menschenrechte: Verletzung der Privatsphäre und des Briefgeheimnisses durch das …
- EGMR, 16.02.2000 - 27798/95
- EGMR, 02.08.1984 - 8691/79
- EGMR, 16.04.2002 - 37971/97
- EGMR, 28.04.2005 - 41604/98
Recht auf Achtung des Privatlebens und der Wohnung (Einsatz von Durchsuchungen …
- EGMR, 12.05.2000 - 35394/97
Menschenrechte: Schutz der Privatsphäre, Faires Verfahren
- EGMR, 24.04.1990 - 11801/85
KRUSLIN c. FRANCE
- EGMR, 24.04.1990 - 11105/84
HUVIG c. FRANCE
- EKMR, 07.04.1997 - 34614/97
SCIENTOLOGY KIRCHE DEUTSCHLAND E. v. c. ALLEMAGNE
- EKMR, 14.01.1998 - 32200/96
HERBECQ ET l'ASSOCIATION " LIGUE DES DROITS DE l'HOMME" contre la BELGIQUE
- EGMR, 25.11.2004 - 16269/02
AALMOES AND OTHERS v. THE NETHERLANDS
- EKMR, 10.05.1985 - 10439/83
MERSCH and Others v. LUXEMBOURG
- EGMR, 11.10.2005 - 9355/03
KENT PHARMACEUTICALS LIMITED AND OTHERS v. THE UNITED KINGDOM
- EGMR, 04.12.2008 - 30562/04
Britische DNA-Datenbanken verstoßen gegen die Europäische …
Dabei sind hier wie bei Telefonüberwachung, geheimer Überwachung und verdecktem Sammeln von Beweismaterial klare und detaillierte Vorschriften unverzichtbar, die Umfang und Anwendung solcher Maßnahmen regeln und Mindestanforderungen aufstellen, u.a. für die Dauer, Aufbewahrung und Verwendung, den Zugang Dritter, das Verfahren zur Sicherung der Integrität und Vertraulichkeit der Daten sowie ihre Vernichtung, also ausreichende Sicherungen gegen die Gefahr von Missbrauch und Willkür (s. mutatis mutandis EGMR, 1990, Serie A, Bd. 176, S. 23-28 Nr. 33, 35 = ÖJZ 1990, 564 - Kruslin/Frankreich; EGMR, Slg. 2000-V Nr. 57-59 = ÖJZ 2001, 74 - Rotaru/Rumänien; EGMR, Slg. 2006-XI = NJW 2007, 1433 ff - Weber u. Saravia/Deutschland; EGMR, Urt. v. 28.6.2007 - 62540/00 Nr. 75-77 - Association for European Integration and Human Rights u. Ekimbzhiev/Bulgarien;… EGMR, Urt. v. 1.7.2008 - 58243/00 Nr. 62-63 - Liberty u.a./Vereinigtes Königreich).Dabei sind hier wie bei Telefonüberwachung, geheimer Überwachung und verdecktem Sammeln von Beweismaterial klare und detaillierte Vorschriften unverzichtbar, die Umfang und Anwendung solcher Maßnahmen regeln und Mindestanforderungen aufstellen, u.a. für die Dauer, Aufbewahrung und Verwendung, den Zugang Dritter, das Verfahren zur Sicherung der Integrität und Vertraulichkeit der Daten sowie ihre Vernichtung, also ausreichende Sicherungen gegen die Gefahr von Missbrauch und Willkür (s. mutatis mutandis EGMR, 1990, Serie A, Bd. 176, S. 23-28 Nr. 33, 35 = ÖJZ 1990, 564 - Kruslin/Frankreich; EGMR, Slg. 2000-V Nr. 57-59 = ÖJZ 2001, 74 - Rotaru/Rumänien; EGMR, Slg. 2006-XI = NJW 2007, 1433 ff - Weber u. Saravia/Deutschland; EGMR, Urt. v. 28.6.2007 - 62540/00 Nr. 75-77 - Association for European Integration and Human Rights u. Ekimbzhiev/Bulgarien;… EGMR, Urt. v. 1.7.2008 - 58243/00 Nr. 62-63 - Liberty u.a./Vereinigtes Königreich).
- EGMR, 25.05.2021 - 58170/13
BUREAU OF INVESTIGATIVE JOURNALISM AND ALICE ROSS v. THE UNITED KINGDOM
The domestic law must be sufficiently clear to give citizens an adequate indication as to the circumstances in which and the conditions on which public authorities are empowered to resort to any such measures (see Roman Zakharov, cited above, § 229; see also Malone, cited above, § 67; Leander, cited above, § 51; Huvig, cited above, § 29; Kruslin, cited above, § 30; Valenzuela Contreras v. Spain, 30 July 1998, § 46, Reports of Judgments and Decisions 1998-V; Rotaru, cited above, § 55; Weber and Saravia, cited above, § 93; and Association for European Integration and Human Rights and Ekimdzhiev v. Bulgaria, no. 62540/00, § 75, 28 June 2007). - EGMR, 02.09.2010 - 35623/05
Recht auf Achtung des Privatlebens (Datenschutz; GPS-Überwachung; Observation; …
Der Beschwerdeführer trug überdies vor, dass die Rechtsvorschriften, aufgrund deren die GPS-Überwachung angeordnet worden war, den von der Rechtsprechung des Gerichtshofs zu geheimen Überwachungsmaßnahmen entwickelten qualitativen Erfordernissen nicht genügt hätten (er beruft sich insbesondere auf die Rechtssachen W. und S. ./. Deutschland (Entsch.), Individualbeschwerde Nr. 54934/00, EGMR 2006-XI und Association for European Integration and Human Rights und Ekimdzhiev ./. Bulgarien, Individualbeschwerde Nr. 62540/00, 28. Juni 2007).Angesichts der einem System der geheimen Überwachung inhärenten Missbrauchsgefahr müssen solche Maßnahmen aufgrund besonders genauer Rechtsvorschriften angewandt werden, insbesondere wegen der ständigen Weiterentwicklung der verfügbaren Technik (siehe Rechtssachen W. und S. ./. Deutschland (Entsch.), Individualbeschwerde Nr. 54934/00, Randnr. 93, EGMR 2006-XI; Association for European Integration and Human Rights und Ekimdzhiev ./. Bulgarien, Individualbeschwerde Nr. 62540/00, Randnr. 75, 28.
- EGMR, 18.10.2016 - 61838/10
VUKOTA-BOJIC c. SUISSE
The domestic law must be sufficiently clear to give citizens an adequate indication as to the circumstances and conditions under which public authorities are empowered to resort to any such measures (see Leander v. Sweden, 26 March 1987, § 51, Series A no. 116; Uzun, cited above, §§ 61-63; Association for European Integration and Human Rights and Ekimdzhiev v. Bulgaria, no. 62540/00, §§ 75, 28 June 2007; and Shimovolos v. Russia, no. 30194/09, § 68, 21 June 2011). - EGMR, 12.01.2016 - 37138/14
Ungarns Anti-Terror-Gesetz ist menschenrechtswidrig
More pertinently with regard to the present application, in other cases which concerned complaints about the legislation and practice permitting secret surveillance measures, the Court has reiterated the Klass and Others approach on a number of occasions (see, inter alia, Weber and Saravia (dec.), no. 54934/00, § 78, ECHR 2006 XI; Association for European Integration and Human Rights and Ekimdzhiev v. Bulgaria, no. 62540/00, §§ 58 to 60, 28 June 2007; Iliya Stefanov v. Bulgaria, no. 65755/01, § 49, 22 May 2008; Liberty and Others v. the United Kingdom, no. 58243/00, §§ 56 to 57, 1 July 2008; and Iordachi and Others v. Moldova, no. 25198/02, §§ 30 to 35, 10 February 2009).[51] European Integration and Human Rights and Ekimzhiev v Bulgaria, no. 62540/00, § 16, 28 June 2007.
- Generalanwalt beim EuGH, 19.12.2019 - C-311/18
Nach Ansicht von Generalanwalt Saugmandsgaard Øe ist der Beschluss 2010/87/EU der …
{FN:183} Vgl. u. a. Entscheidung Weber und Saravia (§ 95), EGMR, 28. Juni 2007, Association pour l'intégration européenne et les droits de l'homme und Ekimdjiev (CE:ECHR:2007:0628JUD006254000, § 76), und Urteil Zakharov (§ 231). - EGMR, 25.05.2021 - 35252/08
CENTRUM FÖR RÄTTVISA v. SWEDEN
The domestic law must be sufficiently clear to give citizens an adequate indication as to the circumstances in which and the conditions on which public authorities are empowered to resort to any such measures (see Roman Zakharov, cited above, § 229; see also Malone v. the United Kingdom, 2 August 1984, § 67, Series A no. 82; Leander, cited above, § 51; Huvig v. France, 24 April 1990, § 29, Series A no. 176-B; Valenzuela Contreras v. Spain, 30 July 1998, § 46, Reports of Judgments and Decisions 1998-V; Rotaru, cited above, § 55; Weber and Saravia, cited above, § 93; and Association for European Integration and Human Rights and Ekimdzhiev v. Bulgaria, no. 62540/00, § 75, 28 June 2007). - EGMR, 11.06.2020 - 74440/17
P.N. v. GERMANY
Darüber hinaus ist es im Zusammenhang mit der Speicherung von personenbezogenen Daten unerlässlich, über ein Mindestmaß an Schutzvorkehrungen unter anderem in Bezug auf die Dauer, die Speicherung, die Verwendung, den Zugang Dritter, die Verfahren zum Schutz der Integrität und Vertraulichkeit der Daten sowie die Verfahren zu ihrer Vernichtung zu verfügen und damit hinreichende Garantien gegen Missbrauch zu gewährleisten (…siehe S. und Marper, a. a. O., Rdnr. 99 mit zahlreichen weiteren Verweisen; siehe sinngemäß auch Rotaru, a. a. O., Rdnrn. 56-59, und Association for European Integration and Human Rights and Ekimdzhiev ./. Bulgarien, Individualbeschwerde Nr. 62540/00, Rdnrn. 75-77). - EGMR, 24.04.2018 - 62357/14
BENEDIK v. SLOVENIA
This assessment depends on all the circumstances of the case, such as the nature, scope and duration of the possible measures, the grounds required for ordering them, the authorities competent to permit, carry out and supervise them, and the kind of remedy provided by the national law (see Association for European Integration and Human Rights and Ekimdzhiev v. Bulgaria, no. 62540/00, § 77, 28 June 2007, with reference to Klass and Others v. Germany, 6 September 1978, § 50, Series A no. 28, and Uzun, cited above, § 63). - EGMR, 21.06.2011 - 30194/09
[ENG]
In addition, because of the lack of public scrutiny and the risk of abuse intrinsic to any system of secret surveillance, the following minimum safeguards should be set out in statute law to avoid abuses: the nature, scope and duration of the possible measures, the grounds required for ordering them, the authorities competent to permit, carry out and supervise them, and the kind of remedy provided by the national law (see Uzun, cited above, §§ 61-63; Association for European Integration and Human Rights and Ekimdzhiev v. Bulgaria, no. 62540/00, §§ 71-77, 28 June 2007, Liberty and Others v. the United Kingdom, no. 58243/00, § 62, 1 July 2008, and, mutatis mutandis, S. and Marper v. the United Kingdom [GC], nos. 30562/04 and 30566/04, § 95 and 96, 4 December 2008). - EGMR, 01.04.2025 - 2799/16
SHIPS WASTE OIL COLLECTOR B.V. ET AUTRES c. PAYS-BAS
- EGMR, 11.01.2022 - 70078/12
EKIMDZHIEV AND OTHERS v. BULGARIA
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DENYSYUK v. UKRAINE
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DRAGOJEVIC v. CROATIA
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KANEV AND BULGARIAN HELSINKI COMMITTEE v. BULGARIA
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ILIYA STEFANOV v. BULGARIA
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[ENG]
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CONTRADA c. ITALIE
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GEORGI YORDANOV c. BULGARIE
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POSEVINI v. BULGARIA
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GRANDE ORIENTE D'ITALIA v. ITALY
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[ENG]
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LIBLIK v. ESTONIA and 5 other applications
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DRAKSAS v. LITHUANIA
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TRETTER AND OTHERS v. AUSTRIA
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ADOMAITIS v. LITHUANIA
- EGMR, 27.10.2015 - 62498/11
R.E. v. THE UNITED KINGDOM
- EGMR, 21.07.2015 - 70597/11
MEIMANIS v. LATVIA
- EGMR, 03.02.2026 - 15147/23
SZELÉNYI v. HUNGARY
- EGMR, 17.02.2026 - 6580/22
GREEN ALLIANCE v. BULGARIA
- EGMR, 26.10.2017 - 34639/07
ZHIVKO GOSPODINOV AND OTHERS v. BULGARIA
- EGMR, 05.12.2017 - 53626/14
HARIZANOV c. BULGARIE
- EGMR, 18.07.2017 - 27473/06
[ENG]
- EGMR, 16.10.2012 - 27079/04
[FRE]
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ROMANCHENKO v. GEORGIA
- EGMR, 19.01.2021 - 53335/08
LAMBDAISTANBUL LGBTI SOLIDARITY ASSOCIATION v. TURKEY
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RUSU v. ROMANIA
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- EGMR - 7099/24 (anhängig)
HADJI-ZAFIROV v. NORTH MACEDONIA and 3 other applications
- EGMR, 08.11.2016 - 72384/14
FIGUEIREDO TEIXEIRA c. ANDORRE
- EGMR, 06.01.2009 - 30216/07
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FALZARANO c. ITALIE
- EGMR, 31.03.2016 - 34148/07
SANTARE AND LABAZNIKOVS v. LATVIA
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[ENG]
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